Đề ôn luyện thi vào lớp 10 Chuyên Sư phạm số 18

4/21/2021 2:21:00 PM

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

apron
apical
apart
ape

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

hoarse
Thai
vehicle
hombre

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

dandelion
Orion
decision
recursion

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

apprehension
equivalent
itinerary
millennial

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

arithmetic
lunatic
allergic
magnetic

You may feel sure the casting will be done perfectly, just _____ your trust in me and you will see I'm right.

allow
forward
grant
lay

Mike would rather his classmate _____ games while he's studying. It's very distracting.

aren't playing
didn't play
wouldn't play
hadn't played

His invention changed the _____ of history.

way
line
course
route

Unfortunately, his report doesn't _____ with what we've learned from other sources.

pally
rally
ally
tally

We'd all been at school together for 12 years and at our leaving celebrations, we _____ eternal friendship.

assured
pledged
undertook
confided

Maria and Jean had a ______ romance - they met and married within two months.

hurricane
whirlwind
cyclone
typhoon

______ are poor observers of their child's behavior so deviant behavior reaches unmanageable proportions.

Parents that
When parents
If parents
Parents

Food is, after all, an important part of Chinese culture, and mission controllers say it is important _____ China's space pioneers do not go hungry.

so that
make sure
that food is provided for
to ensure that

I would appreciate it if you could _____ me the next time we see your mother.

catch up with
stick up for
come up with
live up to

There are a few things that I don't like about my job, but _____ it's very enjoyable.

by and large
here and there
black and blue
near and far

Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 percent, State funding still falls _____ short of needs.

well
totally
severely
abjectly

Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow 17.1 (EVOLVE) of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.

In the early 17.2 (COLONY) days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported.

Merchandising 17.3 (ESTABLISH) were, accordingly, 17.4 (ADVANTAGE) located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior 17.5 (SETTLE). Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.

This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as 17.6 (PLANT), rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local 17.7 (ISOLATE) and the economic 17.8 (SUFFICIENT) of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a/an 17.9 (ACCESS) wharf to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water 17.10 (HIGH).

Fill each of the following blanks with ONE suitable word.

Much has been heard recently about possible health hazards, including memory loss and brain tumors, from the use of mobile phones. With the possible half a billion mobile phones in 18.1 throughout the world, Britain alone, one person in four owns one, 18.2 is worrying enough, even if, so far, no concrete evidence has come to 18.3. One study by Dr. Alan Preece and his team at Bristol University has shown, however, in a report in the International Journal of Radiation Biology, that tests on volunteers demonstrated no effect on their short-term memory or attention 18.4. Subjects were exposed to microwave radiation for 18.5 to thirty minutes, but the one noticeable effect was positive rather than negative; the subjects reacted more rapidly in one test 18.6 a visual choice. One explanation of this is that following the transmissions, a warming of the blood led to increased bloodflow. For the experiment, places were chosen where the signal was good and the microwave dose light, and then where the signal was poor and the dose 18.7 higher. The subjects were tested for recall and mental alertness 18.8 exposure to microwaves characteristic of analogue phones, digital phones, or no phones at all, without knowing 18.9 they were exposed to. It is, of course, early days yet and the sample may not be large enough to generalize 18.10. More research needs to be done.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each blank.

The small garden

Gardening isn't just for older people - it can be great fun for all the family. You don't need a big garden - even a small space can be used to 19.1 all kinds of delicious herbs and vegetables and the 19.2 will brighten up even the dullest balcony or patio. There's nothing like cutting a few fresh 19.3 of mint or parsley to add to your summer salads!

You can also teach your kids the value of recycling and reusing everyday household items in the process. Fill an old egg tray with soil. 19.4 one seed in each of the separate egg compartments. Lightly cover the tray with a piece of cling film in order to 19.5 moisture - at this stage, a(n) 19.6 atmosphere is best. Put the tray on the windowsill in the sunshine and your seeds will soon begin to 19.7. Be careful though - if the weather is 19.8, move the tray to a cooler spot. When the first mates begin to show through the soil, transfer them 19.9 larger pots.

Avoid harmful chemicals by collecting all the vegetable and fruit peelings from your kitchen and creating your own organic compost with 19.10 to fertilize your new plants!

(Adapted from Reactivate)

Read the following passage and complete the tasks.

THE SEARCH FOR FRESH WATER

The assertion that water has always been the essence of life is nothing new. Water comes in many forms: spring water, sea and river water, rainwater, and fog and dew water. Yet water is becoming scarce and this scarcity is becoming a very real worry for governments all around the world. The reality is that one of the main obstacles to the economic development of a particular country is its lack of an adequate supply of fresh water. Current figures show that an inhabitant of a wealthy, modern town consumes 100-400 litres of water daily. In some developing countries the amount of water consumed does not exceed 20-30 litres per day. Rich or poor, annual water consumption has continued to grow, increasing fourfold over the last 50 years.

The world’s fresh water supplies are drawn from a number of sources. The largest cache of the estimated 35 million km³ fresh water reserve is located in glaciers and snow. The amount contained in these ‘storehouses’ has been estimated to be around 24 million km³. Ground water is also a big contributor to the world’s fresh water supplies amounting to an estimated 10.5 million km³. Considering that the total volume of water, salt and fresh, is estimated to be around 400 million km³ it can be clearly seen that the amount of fresh water available in the world is only the proverbial ‘drop in the bucket՝. Artesian wells, rivers and lakes only account for about 0.1 and 0.5 million km³ respectively, all of which include atmospheric precipitation such as rain and snow.

Since water is such an important commodity, various attempts to acquire stores of it have been tried with varying degrees of success. The question of what are the alternative water sources available to us today is not an easy one to answer but is certainly worthy of our best efforts to find one. One such area of interest has been desalination – the turning of salt water into drinkable water. As there is much more salt water on the earth than dry land, the idea of using desalinated seawater seems a logical one. However, some estimates put the annual quantity of desalinated water at only around ten cubic kilometres – a tiny amount given the amount of sea water available. In parts of Senegal, for example, the greenhouse effect has been one way to desalinate seawater whereby the salt in the water is separated from the water through a process of evaporation. As part of the process, water vapour forms on large panes of glass at outside air temperature and is transported via gravity into drums. This method yields only a few cubic meters per day of fresh water but is surprisingly energy efficient. In larger scale production however, the energy efficiency plummets. The best systems bum at least a tonne of fossil fuel to produce approximately one hundred cubic metres of fresh water. This amounts to almost $ 1 per cubic metre – a considerable cost.

Although there are several different areas from which water can be sourced, paradoxically the most extensive are the most difficult to tap. The atmosphere, for example, contains vast amounts of fresh water composed of 2% condensed water in the form of clouds and 98% water vapour. The vastness of this water source is comparable to the renewable liquid water resources of all inhabited lands. The amounts are easy to calculate, but being able and knowing how to economically obtain this water in liquid form is most challenging. One approach in drawing water from the atmosphere is fog nets. Places such as the coastal desens of West Africa and areas of Chile and Peru have favourable condensation conditions. In these areas, ocean humidity condenses in the form of fog on the mid-range mountains (over 500m). This fog composed of droplets of suspended water can be collected in nets. In the 1960s, a University in Northern Chile conducted the first major experiments with fog nets. Drawing on the knowledge gained from these experiments, further testing was done which culminated in one village using fog nets to yield a healthy daily average of 11,000 litres of water. On a smaller scale, fog-collecting nets have recently been used in the Canary Islands and Namibia.

Unfortunately, due to its need for a combination of several factors, fog is not readily available. Dew however appears far more frequently and is less subject to the constraints of climate and geography. In order for dew to form there needs to be some humidity in the air and a reasonably clear sky. Many hot areas of countries that suffer from a lack of water such as the Sahel region of Northern Africa for example, experience significant quantities of dew. When the temperature is lowered over a short space of time by ten degrees or so, the water-harvesting possibilities from the air yield an amazing ten grams of water from each cubic meter of air – significant drops in air temperature make for greater yields. Unlike fog, dew formation can occur even in a relatively dry atmosphere, such as a desert. All it takes is for the right mix of temperatures between the earth and the air to combine and dew formation occurs.

As a method of obtaining fresh water, fog _____

forms best when the air is dry.
is easier to collect than drew.
is being tried in a large-scale way in Senegal.
is not easy to collect.

Small-scale ‘greenhouse effect’ desalination _____

uses a considerable amount of energy.
is the most effective way to obtain larger water reverves.
uses very little energy.
burns quite a lot os fossil fuel.

One of the largest stores of fresh water in the world is _____

rivers and lakes.
atmospheric rain and snow.
ground water.
artesian wells.

Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-F from the box below.

A. is quite popular due to it not being too affected by temperature and location.

B. is being tried via an evaporation process.

C. is not energy efficient.

D. is best for poorer countries.

E. is made up of both clouds and water vapour.

F. is increased when temperatures fall rapidly.

Turning salt water into drinking water 23.1

Large-scale fresh water production through evaporation 23.2

Water available in the atmosphere 23.3

The use of dew as a water source 23.4

The amount of water collected from dew 23.5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

TRUE	if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE	if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN	If there is no information on this

The amount of water consumed by wealthier countries is just as much as poorer countries. 24.1

Glaciers, rivers, artesian wells and ground water are all sources of fresh water. 24.2

Large bodies of water, such as the sea, have yielded the most fresh water. 24.3

The collection of water through the use of fog nets is becoming increasingly more popular around the world. 24.4

If the sky is cloudy, dew will not form. 24.5

Dew and fog are major sources of water in smaller villages and isolated areas. 24.6

Read the following passage and choose which of the headings from A - K match the blanks. There are two extra headings, which do not match any of the paragraphs.

List of headings

A. Benefiting from an earlier model

B. Important operative conditions

C. Examining the public confusion

D. Where to go from here?

E. How it's all linked up

F. How a suitable location was found

G. Comparing wind speeds in Australian cities

H. Matching operational requirements with considerations of appearance

I. What makes Esperance different?

K. More than just a source of power

1. 26.1

Harvest time in Esperance is constant. As long as the wind blows - which is pretty much all the time - nine identical synchronized wind turbines reap the benefits of the dependable winds that gust up around the southern coastline of Western Australia. These sleek, white, robot-like wind turbines loom up on the horizon forming part of Australia's first commercial wind farm. They're not only functional machines that help provide electricity for this secluded coastal town, but increasingly, they're also drawcards for curious tourists and scientists alike.

2. 26.2

Because of its isolation, Esperance is not linked to Western Power's grid which supplies electricity from gas-, coal- and oil-fired power stations to the widespread population of Western Australia. Before the wind turbines went in, Esperance's entire electricity needs were met by the diesel power station in town.

3. 26.3

The $5.8 million Ten Mile Lagoon project is not Esperance's first wind farm. The success of a smaller, experimental wind farm, at a spot called Salmon Beach, encouraged the State's power utility to take Esperance wind seriously. Today the wind turbines at Ten Mile Lagoon work in conjunction with the diesel power station, significantly reducing the amount of the town's electricity generated by expensive diesel power.

4. 26.4

The wind farm is connected to the power station by a 33-kilovolt power line, and a radio link between the two allows operators to monitor and control each wind turbine. The nine 225-kilowatt Vestas wind turbines produce a total generating capacity of two megawatts and provide around 12 percent of the energy requirements of Esperance and its surrounding districts.

5. 26.5

The power produced by a wind turbine depends on the size and efficiency of the machine and, of course, on the energy in the wind. The energy in the wind available to the wind turbines is proportional to wind speed cubed. Thus, the greater the wind speed, the greater the output of the turbine. In order to achieve optimum wind speeds, the right location is imperative.” You have to accept the nature of the beast," Mr. Rosser, Western Power's physicist said.” As surface dwellers our perceptions of wind speeds are bad. As you go higher, wind speed increases significantly."

6. 26.6

The most favorable wind sites are on gently sloping hills, away from obstructions like trees and buildings and where the prevailing winds are not blocked. Computer modeling was used to select the best site for Esperance's wind farm. Scientists were concerned not only with efficiency, but also with protecting the coastal health environment which is rich in plant life and home to tiny pygmy and honey possums, and a host of bird species. In addition, the wind farm is adjacent to Esperance's popular scenic tourist drive.

7. 26.7

Strict erosion controls have been implemented and access to the wind farm is limited to selected viewing areas. The wind turbine towers are painted white and devoid of corporate logos or signage. According to Mr. Rosser there is something of a worldwide backlash against wind farms with regard to their visual impact,” But because wind turbines perform best in the most exposed positions, they will always be visible. There is a very real need to balance environmental and technical requirements. I think the Ten Mile Lagoon Wind Farm sets the standard for environmentally friendly developments."

8. 26.8

In fact, the project has become something of a tourist attraction in itself, Esperance shire president Ian Mickel said the wind turbines had been well accepted by locals.” We have watched the wind farm develop with great interest, and now we find visitors to Esperance are equally enthusiastic about it," he said. The aim now is to identify other remote locations where wind turbines will be a feasible means of supplementing existing power stations.