Đề ôn luyện thi vào lớp 10 Chuyên Sư phạm số 12

2/2/2021 12:12:00 PM

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

bookcase
cushion
foolish
woman

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

feature
feather
federal
feminine

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

ceremony
delicacy
cigarette
daffodil

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

pagoda
magazine
banana
disaster

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress.

prevent
provide
pollute
promise

Hardly _____ the captain of the team when he had to face the problems.

had he been appointed
did he appoint
was he being appointed
was he appointing

_____ our children may be, we cannot go picnicking in this weather.

Though excited
Because of excitement
Excited as
Exciting

As soon as you hear the alarm, you all have to leave the building _____.

on the verge
under law
at no time
without delay

There is no _____ how long it will take to do this.

saying
telling
talking
speaking

The lecturer sat on the floor, _____ who were listening attentively to his story.

as his students were
as were his students
as his students did
as did his students

The doctor has stressed that his comments do not _____ criticism of the study.

refers
instills
implies
infers

All of the proposals we have made are still under _____.

repair
control
surveillance
examination

_____, the reporters are not good enough to be printed.

On my own
Out of the ordinary
If you ask me
Telling the truth

The articles I have cut from the newspaper for years are now _____ with age.

dilapidated
yellowed
blackened
vintage

My little son is learning how to _____ his shoelace.

put off
get on
take down
do up

_____ adequate precautions are taken, there is no risk involved in the operation.

Although
Providing
Nevertheless
Even

If you are not here _____ at 8 a.m, the bus will leave without you.

accurately
sharply
concisely
punctually

The result is impossible to predict with any degree of _____.

certainty
assurance
insurance
probability

Don't be _____ by misleading advertisements.

fooled around
taken in
put out
seen through

_____ stay the night if it's too difficult to get home.

At all costs
By all means
All in all
On the whole

Complete the sentence by changing the form of the word in capitals.

Drink up!

What is thirst, why do we feel (THIRST) 21.1 and what causes it? Thirst is an important part of the body's (SURVIVE) 21.2 system that helps it to maintain its internal fluid balance. A desire to drink can come from the physical (RESPOND) 21.3 to fluid loss, an increase in salt or sugar in the body, a hormone (BALANCE) 21.4, or other changes in the body's chemistry.
All day long, water is lost through (BODY) 21.5 functions such as breathing and sweating, but fluid levels in the body must be kept stable to avoid (DEHYDRATE) 21.6 and to maintain good health. Excessive loss of body fluids leads to an increased heart rate, decreased blood (PRESS) 21.7 skin wrinkling, weight loss, dizziness, and, (DELIRIOUS) 21.8 in extreme cases, death. Whereas humans can survive three weeks without food, we can only go three days without water.
When fluid levels drop, the brain immediately starts a series of one of which triggers the (SENSE) 21.9 of thirst. Thirst is the brain's message for you to drink more water, and the brain makes it difficult to ignore. That is why it is often accompanied by (PARCH) 21.10 mouth, to direct your attention to the nearest source of water.

Read the text and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks.

The best of the best

We are obsessed with success. We seek to rank and list all manner of people and things according to how good they are. 22.1 is this more true than in sport, especially in international events like the Olympic Games. It is the nature of sport that athletes 22.2 against each other in order to be recognized as the best. But how should we define sporting success? What does it 22.3 to be considered a 22.4? Certainly, 22.5 a world record is one way. Another is by winning the most medals.

After beating most of his competitors at the 2012 London Olympics, champion swimmer Michael Phelps now leads the tally of most Olympic medals won. 22.6 not all sports are equal. Swimmers, gymnasts and sprinters can win many more medals because more are available in their sports, particularly when compared to volleyball, basketball and handball where there is only one gold medal available 22.7 Olympiad.
Perhaps instead of counting medals, we could mark the all-time best Olympic moments; performances that became a 22.8 of inspiration for generations to come. Such as when, in 1968, American long jumper Bob Bearnon 22.9 a record which challenged athletes for the next 20 years. We 22.10 such feats and marvel at superhuman effort. Bob Bearnon only ever won one gold medal, but what a performance it was!

Write one word in each gap.

Salt

Sodium chloride (NaCI), 23.1 salt, is a biological necessity of human life. We must have it in order for our bodies to function. Sodium is necessary for the transfer of molecules 23.2 as amino acids across membranes, for the transmission of nerve impulses, for digestion, and for muscle movement.

Salt has been used 23.3 flavour and preserve food since the earliest recorded times. In antiquity, when salt was not readily available, as it is now, it was valued highly 23.4 to be used as currency in some areas. The Latin phrase 'salarium argentum,' ie 'salt money,' was a payment of salt made to each and 23.5 Roman soldier and the word exists today as 'salary'.

In the past, the need for salt 23.6 shaped history. The Romans took their first step toward 23.7 an empire, and built the first of their system of roads due to salt. In the 7th century BCE, King Ancus, and the Martius founded Rome's first colony at coastal Ostia because of the salt there. Via Salaria (Salt Road) was built to carry the processed salt to the city. As the empire 23.8, so did the demand for salt, meaning that Rome had to start importing it 23.9 all around the Mediterranean. It was taxed and became one of the world's first commodities, at 23.10 being traded at twice the value of gold.

Read the following passage then choose the best answer to each question below.

The financial crisis of 2008 sent shockwaves throughout many countries in the Eurozone, and indeed the world. One of the hardest nations was Greece. For many Greeks, this meant being catapulted onto the breadline or worse still, plunged below the line of poverty. For others, the credit crunch prevented them from using credit cards as their debts mounted. While most people despaired, many decided to take the bull by the horns.

When residents of the small town of Volos found themselves struggling to afford even essential items in euros, what they did was, to come up with an alternative currency. In fact, they can now shop at the central market without any money in their pockets. How do they pay for the goods? In TEM: TEM being a local alternative currency that people can earn by offering their services or goods to others.

The TEM system, which brings to mind the ancient bartering system, operates on an exchange basis. Members of the TEM community gain credit by doing jobs for other people or selling them their own produce. For example, by selling clothes in TEM at the market, a trader could get language or computer lessons in return. As one stall-holder at the market put it, "We have reached the bottom of our lives end we now have to think in a different way."

But it's not only the local market that TEM is accepted. Even well-established local shops in Volos will accept both TEM and euros. In some cases, payment can be made in part euros and part TEM. Hard-up customers can, therefore, snake more affordable purchases and store owners ten cover their costs.

It all seems too good to be true, but one shopper, I who didn't want to be named, said that TEM is a backup economy. The reason it is becoming more popular is because it can be used in tandem with the euro rather than as a replacement currency.

So how does the system work in practical terms? The system, which has been developed online, requires members to have TEM accounts. These accounts, which are credited when they earn TEM end debited when they make a purchase, are closely regulated by founding members of the TEM community.

This kind of exchange system is not unique to Volos. Elsewhere in Greece, other communities and social networks have come up with a similar system using an alternative currency called ovolos. The name is apt since ovolos was also the name given to the first real coin used in Greece and later became the basis for the drachma.

Like TEM users, members of the ovolos community open electronic ovolos accounts where their transactions are recorded online. This unofficial currency can be used on a national level, however, and is not restricted to a specific city or region. Its users claim that the ovolos has a major advantage over the euro. It is not affected by inflation or downgrading in the way that the official currency is. Instead, the value of the ovolos remains stable and is protected against devaluation.

But for those who feel that parallel currencies are too complicated a matter, they can turn to another organization called Peliti. 2002 was the year when Peliti was set up as a national network for the exchange of goods and services without money. Peliti differs from the TEM and ovolos systems as it works purely by bartering. So if, for example, you grow courgettes and you want someone to cut your hair, you can find a hairdresser in your area who will agree to be paid in courgettes!

These three organizations prove that ordinary people can find a way to survive when the going gets tough. When you have nothing to lose, you have everything to gain from alternative ways of life.

As a result of the economic crisis of 2008, _____.

Greece became the poorest country in the Eurozone
nobody in Greece could afford basic goods
the euro was no longer legal tender in Greece
many Greeks looked for a solution to their financial difficulties

The TEM system was created because _____

people in Volos had difficulty paying for goods in euros.
people feared that the euro would never be used again in the world.
a substitute currency for the euro had to be found.
credit cards were no longer issued to the Greeks.

TEM can be used _____.

in shops and markets throughout Greece
only at the market in Volos
in shops and at the market in Volos
in other countries of the Eurozone

What do TEM and the ovolos have in common?

They were both used before the drachma.
They are both unofficial currencies.
They can only be used in certain areas of Greece.
They both require their users to open an account at a Greek bank.

The writer feels the name ovolos is _____.

bizarre
appropriate
unsuitable
amusing

What huge benefit does the ovolos have?

It's worth more than the euro.
It may become the official currency one day.
Its value doesn't change.
It has high interest rates.

In what way is Peliti not like the TEM or ovolos systems?

It doesn't involve an alternative currency.
It is a form of bartering.
Its members must produce their own vegetables.
It operates on a national level.

Choose the best phrase or sentence (given below the text) to fill each of the blanks in the following text. Write one letter (A - K) in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet.

A. A healthier option

B. Asian countries know best

C. Fast food companies go healthy

D. A growing business

E. Importance of good eating habits

F. Mixed messages

G. Seek for replacements to dairy products

H. Healthy becomes unhealthy

I. Opinions on dairy food have changed

K. Concern over the negative reaction to mixed messages

Good for you or not good for you?

1. 32.1

At no time in history has the world’s population ever been so well-informed about nutrition and health. Consumers in the developed world are constantly bombarded with advertising messages which promote the health benefits of a wide range of food products. However, they are also exposed to the constant promotion of junk food as well. Fast food companies have become sensitive to the criticisms they face over the potential damage their food causes and have begun to vigorously defend the nutritional value of the meals they serve. With this constant flow of messages – often contradictory – how are today’s consumers supposed to determine precisely what is healthy to eat?

2. 32.2

According to nutritionist Susan McCaskill, many people today intend to eat healthily but have become confused about how to do so. “It is not just that the traditional definitions of a healthy diet have changed, though this is certainly significant. Many grew up being told that the more milk you drank, the healthier you would be. Then dairy foods became ‘bad’ in the eyes of many health professionals and many people sought alternatives to it. Now, these alternatives are coming under the same sort of criticism.”

3. 32.3

The alternative McCaskill is referring to is soya milk. A generation of consumers who were labeled allergic to cow’s milk products embraced soya substitutes enthusiastically. In fact, the soya bean itself was promoted as a kind of miracle food overall. Claims were made it had the potential to not only provide all the protein required for a healthy diet, but that it could prevent heart disease and cancer. Slogans such as “It’s Soy Good for you...” began to appear in nutritional advice columns.

4. 32.4

Now suddenly you can find messages on health-related websites claiming “It’s not soy good” and even “It’s SOY bad for you.” A generation of health-conscious eaters who previously abandoned milk products for soy are now worried and confused. The same chemicals (known as isoflavones) in soya beans which were claimed to fight cancer and other diseases are now listed as the cause of some cancers and are also implicated in hormonal problems and thyroid gland disorders. Dr. David Steinman of the Eastern Sydney University Medical School considers the praise of soya products in many alternative health circles to be without scientific foundation. “Soya proponents suggest we look to the health statistics of Asian countries as proof of the benefits of soy. When we look closely at the countries where soya products are consumed regularly, it is clear that though they are widely used, they are also eaten in very moderate quantities. Many people seeking a healthy diet today are eating ten times that much soy, particularly through drinking vast amounts of soya milk and eating other non-traditional foods such as soya-based ice-cream.”

5. 32.5

Susan McCaskill considers the latest negative publicity about soy to be exaggerated, but she admits that it does raise some very relevant questions. “It still appears to me that soya beans have many notable nutritional benefits to offer, but the key thing here is moderation. What frequently happens now is that people go from eating much too much of one thing to eating too much of something else.”

6. 32.6

Both McCaskill and Steinman concede that the recent soya controversy is just one example of how food fashions are confusing the health-conscious today. Red meat has often been blamed for high rates of heart disease and other health problems, then has been praised for its high iron content. Carbohydrate rich foods such as pasta, rice and potatoes have been promoted since the seventies as healthy staples of our diet, and then recently have received the blame for the growing numbers of people who are seriously overweight.

7. 32.7

Dr. Steinman echoes the words of McCaskill on one key point - moderation is the most significant factor in any healthy diet. However, he fears that modern obsessions with perfect food habits can simply leave people so discouraged that they give up completely. “If you rush to a new diet because you’ve been told your old one was bad, then find the new one has its own critics, what do you do next? I worry that many will simply stop thinking about healthy eating habits and head to the nearest fast food outlet.”

8. 32.8

It is certainly undeniable that the fast-food industry is booming. Whether this is because of confused and discouraged eaters of healthy food is difficult to determine. What is clear, however, is that advertisers are working harder and harder to influence the world’s eating habits and that the needs of both health enthusiasts and fast-food customers are now coming together: the fastest growing customer base in many major fast-food chains is now people attracted by their new “healthy choices.” The question remains: who will decide in the end precisely what a healthy choice is?