Read the paragraph and choose the correct word for each gap.
When a volcano , hot gases and melted rock from deep within Earth find way up to the surface. This material may slowly out of a crack in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the air. Volcanic eruptions may be very . But they can create new landforms.
Of the nearly 1,900 volcanoes active today, or known to have been active in times, about ninety per cent can be found in the of South America, North America, Asia, and Oceania that are close the Pacific Ocean. When marked on a map of the world, this line of volcanoes looks a bit a vast, open circle. For this it is known as the ring of fire.
Read the text and choose the best answer to each question below.
Tsunamis, whose name derives from the Japanese expression for ʻhigh wave in a harbourʼ, are giant sea waves. These waves are quite different from storm surges. They are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves although they have nothing to do with tides. Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, which is far more appropriate because they are often the result of undersea seismic activity.
Tsunamis can be caused when the sea floor suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake or volcano, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances, at speeds close to 700 kilometres per hour. In the open ocean, tsunami waves are not very high, often no more than one or two metres. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 metres.
The passage mainly discusses _____.
All of the following is true about tidal waves EXCEPT _____.
The word ʻthemʼ in the passage refers to _____.
The word ʻdisplacedʼ in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
The word ʻshallowʼ in the passage mostly means _____.
It can be understood from the passage that tsunamis _____.
Peter is a member of Lend-A-Hand volunteer team who provided aid for the victims of an earthquake in Haiti, in 2010. Read his diary and decide the statement is true or false.
16th January, 2010
I just arrived in Port-au-Prince, Haiti with the Lend-A-Hand volunteer team and I can't believe my eyes! The earthquake that happened four days ago has destroyed most of the buildings. This disaster has affected three million people. Thousands have lost their lives or have terrible injuries, and even more have lost their homes. Haiti suffers from hurricanes and floods every year, but this is something else! Our team's task is clearing the rubble which is everywhere!
22nd January, 2010
On Tuesday, we pulled a five-year-old boy from the rubble. He was still alive after eleven days! The United Nations has offered a small wage to the people of Haiti for helping to clean up the streets. This helps them to buy food. Conditions are terrible, though. Thousands of people are living in tents with no toilets or running water. The earthquake also caused tsunamis in nearby fishing villages that damaged beaches and even swept homes out to the sea!
1st February, 2010
The whole world is helping Haiti! Rescue teams have come from places as far away as Iceland and Japan. We have cleared the main road of Port-au-Prince, so food and medical supplies will get through soon. More volunteers have just arrived. Together, hopefully, we can rebuild Haiti after this awful disaster!
Most of the buildings in Port-au-Prince have been destroyed by the earthquake.
No one died in the earthquake.
Hurricanes and floods are not very common in Haiti.
Rescue teams have come from many countries.
A small wage has been offered to the people of Haiti for helping to clean up the streets.
Thousands of people are living in tents.
No one in the rescue teams is Japanese.
Food and medical supplies cannot be delivered soon because the main road of Port-au-Prince hasn't been cleared yet.