Problems and Solutions Essay là một dạng bài mà các bạn sẽ gặp trong phần IELTS Writing Task 2. Đây là dạng bài tương đối phức tạp nên một số thí sinh luyện thi IELTS vẫn còn lúng túng khi gặp dạng bài này trong phòng thi. Vì vậy, trong bài viết này, TiengAnhK12 sẽ tổng hợp lại những đề thi trong những năm qua. Hy vọng giúp các bạn nắm được cách triển khai và bố cục làm bài.
Dạng bài Problems – Solutions Essay là dạng đề thi yêu cầu tất cả các thí sinh tham gia đưa ra một vấn đề hoặc nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề của một hiệu tượng nào đó. Đồng thời các thí sinh cũng phải chỉ ra được hướng giải quyết thích hợp nhất cho vấn đề bạn đã đưa ra.
Với dạng 2 câu hỏi, bố cục cơ bản sẽ bao gồm 4 đoạn Mở – Thân – Kết. Trong đó, Thân bài bao gồm 2 đoạn và mỗi đoạn giải quyết 1 yêu cầu trong đề bài.
Bạn cũng có thể viết theo hướng 1 Problem + 1 Solution trong mỗi đoạn 2 và 3.
Lưu ý: Không nên viết 1 đoạn Thân bài với dạng 2 câu hỏi này. Lí do là vì sẽ rất khó để thí sinh giải quyết được toàn bộ yêu cầu của đề bài trong 1 đoạn. Kể cả khi làm vậy, cách triển khai đó khiến bài viết của thí sinh thiếu tính mạch lạc.
Đề bài: These days people in some country are living in a “throw-away” society which mean people use things in a short time then throw them away. What are causes and negative effects?
Bài viết tham khảo:
One of the observable phenomena at present is that the throw-away trend is becoming mainstream in more and more countries. A number of underlying causes and negative consequences are worth taking into account.
When it comes to the reasons for this tendency, two of them are outstanding. First off, many people are influenced by the advertising of modern-day products, leading to their quick decisions to buy. The more items they purchase from shops or supermarkets, the faster they get rid of what they are using, even though what is thrown away is still usable or in good condition.
Women’s clothes, for instance, are a typical example of today’s consumerism as a result of advertising. Second of all, the rapid development of technology plays a role in the current consumer’s behavior of throwing possessions away. Each and every thing we own is supposed to be smart; therefore, many people are willing to dispose of their conventional TV’s and buy a smart TV instead.
As for the adverse effects associated with our current throw-away society, there are many problems, but the most serious one is the waste of resources.
A waste of individual money sounds obvious enough, but, as a matter of fact, this tendency also results in a wide variety of other types of waste, such as failing to make good use of human resources, simply because the making of a single product involves so many factors. Simply put, the more products are thrown away, the more societal resources are wasted.
Summarizing, when the trend of quickly consuming and discarding products is taken into consideration, light has been shed on advertising and technology as the two main causes and resource waste as the chief negative effect.
Đề bài: People living in large cities today face many problems in their everyday life. What are these problems? Should governments encourage people to move to smaller regional towns?
Bài viết tham khảo:
It is true that nowadays people are shifting to larger cities. There are several negative consequences of this moot issue, and to cope with the current problems, the authorities should encourage individuals to move to smaller cities or even to the countryside.
To begin with, an enormous number of people create problems. One negative consequence is that the urban population would go on increasing and cause housing problems. This leads to the creation of underdeveloped slum areas, where underprivileged individuals must live in poor living conditions like lacking medical care or even drinking water. Another issue is the traffic jam due to the burgeoning car ownership. Arguably, cars take up more space than a motorbike while its capacity to accommodate passengers is far inferior to that of a bus. This weakness results in bumper-to-bumper traffic particularly in downtown areas where many drivers have to inch along to get away from the terrible traffic.
Governments should take steps to move a certain number of city dwellers to less populated areas. The main reason is that shifting people to towns or even the countryside helps to decrease the unemployment rate. This is because as more and more people apply for the same position within a company, it may intensify the competition among employees, making it significantly more difficult to be chosen. Towns, however, due to industrialization, are now able to provide different jobs for engineers or officers in new factories. Therefore, by encouraging job seekers to move to these newly developed areas, the government can lower the number of unemployed individuals in cities.
In conclusion, an increasing number of people living in cities certainly creates housing problems and traffic congestion, and governments should encourage its citizens to migrate to towns.
Đề bài: Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient interpersional skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team. What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions?
Bài viết tham khảo:
Some employers nowadays are observing that their newly-hired staff lack fundamental interpersonal skills, such as teamwork. This problem results from a number of cause to which several solutions will be proposed in this essay.
First, the lack of interpersonal skills in new employees is attributable to the nature of their previous workplace. In many companies, employees are divided into departments and work in small separate spaces or cubicles, in which each member is assigned particular tasks unrelated to their colleagues. Opportunities to share experience or exchange work-related subjects therefore rarely arise and teamwork skills cannot be developed. A lack of proper training during time at university could be another cause. Tertiary education nowadays seems to place more emphasis on training students to excel in their major through theoretical subjects rather than equipping them with fundamental soft skills. Many fresh graduates as a result are unable to collaborate effectively with their co-workers once entering the workforce despite having extensive expertise.
There are some solutions that can be implemented by companies and universities to address the problem. For instance, companies need to alter the way in which their employees work in order to create more opportunities for colleague interaction. Instead of working individually, projects could be more teamwork-orientated. Also, the grading criteria currently applied at university need to be changed to incorporate more soft skill training. Apart from compulsory major-related subjects, students should also be engaged in workshops or subjects specializing in job-related skills. All of these subjects will count towards students’ overall GPA when they gradate to ensure they are well-equipped with appropriate workplace skills.
In conclusion, a lack of basic interpersonal skills in new employees stems from businesses’ workplace practices and the educational system, and there are a number of feasible solutions to tackle this issue.
Đề bài: Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise. What are the causes of this?
Bài viết tham khảo:
It is a rare sight nowadays to see people in big cities, especially young ones, exercising routinely. I think that there are two main reasons for this phenomenon.
The first reason is that people are under too much stress from their jobs and their social life. Many office workers are asked or expected to not leave the workplace until they meet their deliverables, which means they are working overtime almost every day. As a consequence, they have little time left to take care of themselves. Usually, most people would use this free time to do house chores, take care of their family, or go out with friends. When asked, many young professionals would answer that the reason why they do not exercise is that they do not have the time to commit to the activity.
The second reason why people in urban areas do not exercise regularly is that they do not have the financial means to afford a gym membership or a personal trainer. It is a fact that the gym industry is growing and so is the popularity of having a personal trainer. People coming from an underprivileged background would not spend their money at gyms, thinking that it would be a waste. Instead, they opt for cheaper or even free options of exercising, like walking. However, these people usually cannot commit to their routine as they do not have to invest much in it.
In conclusion, the two main reasons why people in urban areas are hesitating to exercise are because they do not have the time to and they do not have the finance for the activity.
Đề bài: The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems. What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? Give solutions to this.
Bài viết tham khảo:
In the expectation of a better future, a rising number of individuals are migrating to metropolitan cities, alongside with a host of problems. This essay would attempt to look at some of the issues that come with living in a city, as well as some of the steps that governments may take to enhance the quality of life for all city dwellers.
Traffic congestion is one of the most serious issues that city people face.1 Increased wasted travel time causes not only stress and exhaustion, but also affects job performance and satisfaction. On their route to and from work, city commuters frequently spend a large portion of time stuck in traffic. Another disadvantage of living in a big city is the poor air quality that has resulted from the huge increase in hazardous emissions from power plants and industrial sites in recent years.2 Communities with severe air pollution have an increased risk of lung cancer, asthma attacks, and other respiratory ailments.
There are several options that city authorities should use to address the issues listed above.3 To begin, public transportation should then be improved to make it more appealing to the general population.4 Since more individuals choose to take buses or commuter trains instead of driving their own cars, the traffic problem would be effectively solved. To dissuade cars from traveling during rush hours, the government may propose collecting peak-hour tolls. On top of that, stronger restrictions should be enforced to limit harmful gas emissions and encourage the use of more ecologically friendly energy sources in order to enhance air quality in metropolitan areas.5
In conclusion, different measures might be adopted to alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution, which are the two major issues that face metropolitan living.
Đề bài: In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of aging populations.
Bài viết tham khảo:
With the advancement of healthcare and social welfare, people now live longer than in the past. This phenomenon would cause some adverse effects on both individuals and society. Fortunately, there are some ways to tackle this problem.
The longer life span detrimentally affects individuals’ mental and physical health and causes stagnation in our society. From an individual perspective, the longer people live, the weaker they become. The degradation in health results in a plethora of diseases that older people have to painfully withstand. Not to mention that the inability to continue working for the elderly makes them feel left out or redundant. As a consequence, there are high chances that they are prone to negative feelings, thereby adversely affecting their mental health. On a societal level, stagnation on a national scale is an ultimate issue caused by having too many old people. A great proportion of governmental fund and social welfare would be allocated to health care which most elderly requires. Thus, there would be an imbalance in investment in other sectors, namely education or transportation, which play a pivotal role in developing the country.
Fortunately, the government and businesses can and have carried multiple solutions to lessen the effects of this issue. The first measure is gradually lifting the retirement age. The government is implementing this solution by increasing the retirement age by a few months every year. This would ensure that people can still be a contributor to society when they reach their old age. A second solution is to offer fitness facilities that would encourage the elderly to do regular physical exercises. As a result, they would find their own happiness in their later years of life. In addition, once old people have good health, the demand for health care and social welfare would significantly reduce.
In conclusion, having a large percentage of old people is causing pressure on those individuals and society. However, there are many solutions to this problem that governments can adopt.
Đề bài: People aim to achieve a balance between their work and lives. But few people achieve it. What are the causes of problems? How to overcome it?
Bài viết tham khảo:
One of the most challenging aspects of contemporary society is the difficulty of keeping a balance between work and life. Most of the population is struggling to maintain a successful and comfortable environment in their workplace and spend quality time with their family simultaneously. During the course of this essay, I would present possible causes as well as feasible solutions to tackle the issue before drawing a rational conclusion.
First off, it is typically challenging to thrive in the current cutthroat corporate atmosphere, thus most employees must demonstrate their commitment. More individuals are able to attend universities, in part because of reforms in the education system, and a growing number of students graduate with excellent grades and respectable credentials that pose a danger to the present workforce. Employees are compelled to spend long hours at work in order to maintain their employment, which reduces the amount of time they have to spend with their families. Moreover, individuals are more drawn to material luxuries and eager to put in more effort to increase their income in order to satisfy their demands. Spending overtime in the workplace would allow staff to accumulate more financial gain to fulfil their needs.
Unfortunately, this inability to balance life and work has become a serious cause of various mental and physical health problems and conflicts in family life. To alleviate the issue, the government should take the first responsibility to enforce laws that restrict the number of working hours for the workforce. Meanwhile, companies should initiate more policies in order to ensure the welfare of each employee without working extra together with creating a welcoming working environment and more opportunities for family activities. Last but not least, each individual should develop a sense of self-satisfaction to limit spending over the budget as well as time management to maximise the potential of a tight schedule.
In conclusion, maintaining a balance between job and personal life is becoming increasingly difficult in our cutthroat culture. Everyone needs to start considering the worth of their personal lives and strike a balance between their pursuit of financial security and personal fulfillment.
Trên đây là toàn bộ tổng hợp của TiengAnhK12 về dạng bài Problems – Solutions Essay trong đề thi IELTS Writing Task 2. Thông qua bài viết, hy vọng các bạn đã nắm được cách làm và hình dung được cấu chúc đề thi. Chúc các bạn hoàn thành tốt bài thi của mình!
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